1. Records show that some people in Rome took minerals from clay for medicine in 60 BC. Various minerals from clay, etc.,
have been used to cure disease or wound; some of them have proven to be effective. In particular, minerals from clay are
widely used as digestive medicine including antacid agents. Similarly, animals partake of these minerals containing
microingredients such as arsenic in natural state to remove germs and roundworms from the stomach.

2. Majority of the research studies indicate that clay components have physical properties that coat the stomach wall and
improve digestion and protect the skin. Smectite in particular is capable of absorbing diluted toxins and bacteria;
kaolinite and palygoskite are known to protect digestive canals (Carretero, 2002). The physical absorption of toxins as
made possible by organic substances provided an important basis for cure by clay. Nonetheless, few research studies
have been conducted to identify the chemical reaction between clay minerals and pathogens such as bacteria and virus.

3. In recent years, various research studies have been actively conducted to identify the antibiosis and principles of clay
minerals for antibiotics. In particular, some research studies attempted to identify the chemical activity between clay and
pathogens (Kostyiak, et al, 2003; Top and Ulku, 2004; Williams, et al, 2004).

4. In recent years, various research studies have been actively conducted to identify the antibiosis and principles of clay
minerals for antibiotics. In particular, some research studies attempted to identify the chemical activity between clay and
pathogens (Kostyiak, et al, 2003; Top and Ulku, 2004; Williams, et al, 2004).

5. Brunet de Courrsou (2002) reported the clay minerals' effect on Buruli ulcer, an infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium ulcerans as a dermatological disease that starts with a small lump, forms a scab, and swells until it
develops into ulcer. The effect of French green clay on the skin is shown in Figure 1. In just 105 days of treatment, the skin
tissues that deteriorated due to bacteria were regenerated.

6. Williams, et al (2004) attempted to validate the antibiosis of French green clay against Buruli ulcer scientifically in their
research. The research mainly focused on two types of French green clay samples which contain illite and smectite
(refer to Figure 2) and standard illite and smectite samples subjected to E. Coli cultivation test to validate their antibiosis.
As a result, one type of French green clay proved its exhaustive antibiosis effect against E. Coli (Figure 3), but the activity
between clay minerals and bacteria for antibiosis was not clearly identified. More studies are needed to prove that clay
minerals do more than just physically absorbing toxins, bacteria, and virus, and that an unknown special chemical
reaction plays an important role in removing bacteria. Moreover, the microelements (e.g., Ag, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and their
interaction with tissues had to be studied further.

7. Kostyiak, et al (2003) and Top and Ulku (2004) reported that the artificial ]compound clay with transition metals inserted
between layers exhibited antibiotic property.

8. To verify the clay minerals' antibiotic property, we need detailed research on the chemical reaction properties between
bacteria and clay minerals including the
following:
- Nano-sized mineral surface properties
- Clay minerals' trace element exchange, surface free energy potential, pH, and oxidation state properties